NTC THERMISTORS: TYPE CL NTC DISCS FOR INRUSH CURRENT LIMITING g DESCRIPTION: Disc thermistor with uninsulated lead-wires. FEATURES: Low cost solid state device for inrush current • suppression Excellent mechanical strength • Wide operating temperature range: -50°C to 175°C • Suitable for PCB mounting • Available as a standard with kinked leads and on • tape and reel to EIA RS-468A for automatic insertion Max* Equation constants for Approx. Res. Under Load at % C (max)** x Steady resistance under load *** Max. Rated CurrentmFarads Res @ State Disc Disc Lead Lead Current Diss. Time 25°C Current Dia. Thick. Spacing Dia. @120 @240 Range Const. Const. TYPE ±25% AMPS (Max) (Max) (Ref.) AWG VAC VAC X Y Min.I / Max.I 25% 50% 75% 100% (mW/°C) (sec.) Fig. 1 (ohms) (RMS) (in.) (in.) (in.) CL-11 0.7 12 0.77 0.22 0.328 18 2700 600 0.50 -1.18 4.0≤ 1≤ 12 14 .06 .04 .02 25 100 CL-21 1.3 8 0.55 0.21 0.328 18 800 200 0.60 -1.25 3.0≤ 1≤ 8.0 .25 .09 .06 .04 15 60 CL-30 2.5 8 0.77 0.22 0.328 18 6000 1500 0.81 -1.25 2.5≤ 1≤ 8.0 .34 .14 .09 .06 25 100 CL-40 5 6 0.77 0.22 0.328 18 5200 1300 1.09 -1.27 1.5≤ 1≤ 6.0 .65 .27 .16 .11 25 100 CL-50 7 5 0.77 0.26 0.328 18 5000 1250 1.28 -1.27 1.5≤ 1≤ 5.0 .96 .40 .24 .16 25 120 CL-60 10 5 0.77 0.22 0.328 18 5000 1250 1.45 -1.30 1.2≤ 1≤ 5.0 1.09 .44 .26 .18 25 100 CL-70 16 4 0.77 0.22 0.328 18 5000 1250 1.55 -1.26 1.0≤ 1≤ 4.0 1.55 .65 .39 .27 25 100 CL-80 47 3 0.77 0.22 0.328 18 5000 1250 2.03 -1.29 0.5≤ 1≤ 3.0 2.94 1.20 .71 .49 25 100 CL-90 120 2 0.93 0.22 0.328 18 5000 1250 3.04 -1.36 0.5≤ 1≤ 2.0 7.80 3.04 1.75 1.18 30 120 CL-101 0.5 16 0.93 0.22 0.328 18 4000 1000 0.44 -1.12 4.0≤ 1≤ 16 .09 .04 .03 .02 30 120 CL-110 10 3.2 0.40 0.17 0.250 24 600 150 0.83 -1.29 0.7≤ 1≤ 3.2 1.10 .45 .27 .18 8 30 CL-120 10 1.7 0.40 0.17 0.250 24 600 150 0.61 -1.09 0.4≤ 1≤ 1.7 1.55 .73 .46 .34 4 90 CL-130 50 1.6 0.45 0.17 0.250 24 600 150 1.45 -1.38 0.4≤ 1≤ 1.6 5.13 1.97 1.13 .75 8 30 CL-140 50 1.1 0.45 0.17 0.250 24 600 150 1.01 -1.28 0.2≤ 1≤ 1.1 5.27 2.17 1.28 .89 4 90 CL-150 5 4.7 0.55 0.18 0.328 22 1600 400 0.81 -1.26 1.0≤ 1≤ 4.7 .66 .27 .16 .11 15 110 CL-160 5 2.8 0.55 0.18 0.328 22 1600 400 0.60 -1.05 0.8≤ 1≤ 2.8 .87 .42 .27 .20 9 130 CL-170 16 2.7 0.55 0.18 0.328 22 1600 400 1.18 -1.28 0.5≤ 1≤ 2.7 1.95 .80 .48 .33 15 110 CL-180 16 1.7 0.55 0.18 0.328 22 1600 400 0.92 -1.18 0.4≤ 1≤ 1.7 2.52 1.11 .69 .49 9 130 CL-190 25 2.4 0.55 0.18 0.328 22 800 200 1.33 -1.34 0.5≤ 1≤ 2.4 2.63 1.04 .60 .41 15 110 CL-200 25 1.7 0.55 0.18 0.328 22 800 200 0.95 -1.24 0.4≤ 1≤ 1.7 2.74 1.18 .70 .49 9 130 CL-210 30 1.5 0.40 0.20 0.250 24 600 150 1.02 -1.35 0.3≤ 1≤ 1.5 3.83 1.50 .87 .60 8 30 OPTIONS: DATA: For kinked leads, add suffix “A” *maximum rating at 25ºC or • For tape and reel, add suffix “B” • I = √(1.1425–0.0057 x T ) x I @ 25°C derated A max For tape and reel, add suffix “AB” • for ambient temperatures other than 25ºC. Other tolerances in the range 0.7Ω to 120Ω • **maximum ratings Other tolerances, tolerances at other temperatures • Y ***R =X1 where X and Y are found in the table above 0 • Alternative lead lengths, lead materials, insulations Crown Industrial Estate, Priorswood Road 808 US Highway 1 967 Windfall Road Taunton, Somerset TA2 8QY UK Edison, New Jersey 08817-4695 USA St. Marys, Pennsylvania 15857-3397 USA Tel +44 (0) 1823 335200 Tel +1 (732) 287 2870 Tel +1 (814) 834 9140 Fax +44 (0) 1823 332637 Fax +1 (732) 287 8847 Fax +1 (814) 781 7969 NTC THERMISTORS: TYPE CL g NTC DISCS FOR INRUSH CURRENT LIMITING R I -tº TYPICAL POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT INRUSH CURRENT LIMITERS IN Maximum permissible surge current at turn-on • SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES Matching the thermistor to the size of the filter • capacitors The problem of current surges in switch-mode power supplies Maximum value of steady state current • is caused by the large filter capacitors used to smooth the rip- Maximum ambient temperature • ple in the rectified 60Hz current prior to being chopped at a high frequency. The diagram above illustrates a circuit com- Expected life of the power supply • monly used in switching power supplies. Maximum Surge Current The main purpose of limiting inrush current is to prevent In the circuit above the maximum current at turn-on is the components in series with the input to the DC/DC convertor peak line voltage divided by the value of R; for 120v, it is 2 from being damaged. Typically, inrush protection prevents = approximately 120 x /R . Ideally, during turn-on R should be I I nuisance blowing of fuses or breakers as well as welding of very large, and after the supply is operating, should be switch contacts. Since most thermistor materials are very reduced to zero. The NTC thermistor is ideally suited for this nearly ohmic at any given temperature, the minimum no-load application. It limits surge current by functioning as a power resistance of the thermistor is calculated by dividing the peak resistor which drops from a high cold resistance to a low hot input voltage by the maximum permissible surge current in resistance when heated by the current flowing through it. the power supply (V ). / peak Imax surge Some of the factors to consider when designing NTC ther- mistor as an inrush current limiter are: Crown Industrial Estate, Priorswood Road 808 US Highway 1 967 Windfall Road Taunton, Somerset TA2 8QY UK Edison, New Jersey 08817-4695 USA St. Marys, Pennsylvania 15857-3397 USA Tel +44 (0) 1823 335200 Tel +1 (732) 287 2870 Tel +1 (814) 834 9140 Fax +44 (0) 1823 332637 Fax +1 (732) 287 8847 Fax +1 (814) 781 7969 Energy Surge at Turn-On As more current flows through the device, its steady-state operating temperature will increase and its resistance will decrease. The maximum current rating correlates to a At the moment the circuit is energized, the filter caps in a maximum allowable temperature. switcher appear like a short circuit which, in a relatively short period of time, will store an amount of energy equal to 2 1⁄2CV . All of the charge that the filter capacitors store must In the table of standard inrush current limiters is a list of val- flow through the thermistor. The net effect of this large cur- ues for resistance under load for each unit, as well as a rec- rent surge is to increase the temperature of the thermistor ommended maximum steady-state current. These ratings very rapidly during the period the capacitors are charging. The are based upon standard PC board heat sinking, with no air amount of energy generated in the thermistor during this flow, at an ambient temperature of 25°C. However, most capacitor-charging period is dependent on the voltage wave- power supplies have some air flow, which further enhances form of the source charging the capacitors. However, a good the safety margin that is already built into the maximum cur- approximation for the energy generated by the thermistor dur- rent rating. To derate the maximum steady state current for 2 ing this period is 1⁄2CV (energy stored in the filter capacitor). operation at elevated ambient temperatures, use the following The ability of the NTC thermistor to handle this energy surge equation: is largely a function of the mass of the device. This logic can be seen in the energy balance equation for a thermistor being I = √(1.1425–0.0057 x T ) x I @ 25°C derated A max self-heated: Input Energy = Energy Stored + Energy Dissipated or in differential form: Pdt = HdT + d(T – T )dt A where: P = Power generated in the NTC t = Time H = Heat capacity of the thermistor T = Temperature of the thermistor body d= Dissipation constant T = Ambient temperature A During the short time that the capacitors are charging (usu- ally less than 0.1 second), very little energy is dissipated. Most of the input energy is stored as heat in the thermistor body. In the table of standard inrush limiters there is listed a rec- ommended value of maximum capacitance at 120 volts and 240 volts. This rating is not intended to define the absolute capabilities of the thermistors; instead, it is an experimental- ly determined value beyond which there may be some reduc- tion in the life of the inrush current limiter. Maximum Steady-State Current The maximum steady-state current rating of a thermistor is mainly determined by the acceptable life of the final products for which the thermistor becomes a component. In the steady-state condition, the energy balance in the differential equation already given reduces to the following heat balance formula: 2 Inrush Current Limiters Power = I R = d(T – T ) A Crown Industrial Estate, Priorswood Road 808 US Highway 1 967 Windfall Road Taunton, Somerset TA2 8QY UK Edison, New Jersey 08817-4695 USA St. Marys, Pennsylvania 15857-3397 USA Tel +44 (0) 1823 335200 Tel +1 (732) 287 2870 Tel +1 (814) 834 9140 Fax +44 (0) 1823 332637 Fax +1 (732) 287 8847 Fax +1 (814) 781 7969